Question 1

Light from a helium-neon laser (λ = 632.8 nm) is incident upon a 0.200-mm wide slit. Find the total width of the central maximum 2.00 m from the slit.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Light from a helium-neon laser (λ =...

Question 2

At what distance could one theoretically distinguish two automobile headlights separated by 1.5 meters? Assume a pupil diameter of 0.50 cm and yellow headlights seen at the wavelength 5.0 × 10−7 m. Assume eye fluid has an average n = 1.33.

Accepted Answer

A)   6.0 km
B)   12 km
C)   9.0 km
D)   3.0 km
E)   16 kmF) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 3

When you look at a single slit diffraction pattern produced on a screen by light of a single wavelength, you see a bright central maximum and a number of maxima on either side, their intensity decreasing with distance from the central maximum. If the width of the slit is increased,

Accepted Answer

A)   the pattern shrinks in size. (central maximum less wide; other maxima in closer to it) 
B)   the pattern increases in size. (central maximum wider; other maxima farther from it) 
C)   it does not affect the size of the pattern.
D)   the width of the central maximum increases, but the other maxima do not change in position or width.
E)   the width of the central maximum decreases, but the other maxima do not change in position or width.F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 4

Potassium Iodide (chemical formula: KI)  has a face-centered cubic structure (just like sodium chloride) . If the distance between crystal planes is d = 0.353 nm and X-rays of wavelength λ = 0.0934 nm are used, what is the smallest angle θ at which a diffraction maximum may be obtained?

Accepted Answer

A)   9.92°
B)   7.60°
C)   13.3°
D)   15.5°
E)   6.52°F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 5

The polarizing angle in air for diamond is 67.4°. Calculate the critical angle inside the diamond for total internal reflection.

Accepted Answer

A)   32.6°
B)   22.6°
C)   24.6°
D)   28.6°
E)   48.8°F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 6

Jane's flashy boy friend has just given her a ring with a huge "diamond". Jane, who has studied physics, measures the polarizing angle for the stone and finds that the polarizing angle is 62.97°. The stone is

Accepted Answer

A)   fluoride, n = 1.560.
B)   crown glass, n = 1.517.
C)   spinel, n = 1.712.
D)   zircon, n = 1.960.
E)   diamond, n = 2.417.F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 7

You could determine the index of refraction for visible light of a dark but reflective medium such as black glass by measuring the

Accepted Answer

A)   angles of incidence and refraction.
B)   angle of reflection for an arbitrary angle of incidence.
C)   angle at which reflected light is completely polarized.
D)   smallest angle at which X-ray diffraction occurs in the glass.
E)   smallest angle at which diffraction occurs for visible light when a diffraction pattern is scratched onto the surface.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 8

A slit of variable width illuminated by light of wavelength λ is widened until the first order diffraction minimum moves out to a distance infinitely far away from the brightest location in the central maximum. In terms of the wavelength, the width of the slit is then

Accepted Answer

A)   0.
B)   .
C)   λ.
D)   .
E)   2λ.F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 9

White light is spread out into spectral hues by a diffraction grating. If the grating has 1000 lines per cm, at what angle will red light (λ = 640 nm)  appear in first order?

Accepted Answer

A)   14.7°
B)   7.35°
C)   17.7°
D)   3.67°
E)   1.84°F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 10

Scattered light in the atmosphere is often partially polarized. The best way to determine whether or not light from a particular direction in the sky shows polarization is to

Accepted Answer

A)   diffract the light through a single slit.
B)   squint while looking in that direction.
C)   rotate a piece of polaroid film about an axis parallel to the ray while looking through it in that sky direction.
D)   rotate a piece of polaroid film about an axis perpendicular to the ray while looking through it in that sky direction.
E)   reflect the rays from that direction on a shiny metal surface.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

A beam of X-rays of different frequencies is reflected at 10 degrees off a crystal of interatomic spacing 0.2 nm. Which X-ray wavelength is preferentially reflected?

Accepted Answer

A)   0.0943 nm
B)   0.139 nm
C)   0.0695 nm
D)   1.02 × 10−10 m
E)   3.47 × 10−11 mF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

The pupil of a cat's eye narrows to a slit width of 0.5 mm in daylight. What is the angular resolution of the cat's eye in daylight (λ = 500 nm) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   0.01 rads
B)   10−5 rads
C)   10−3 rads
D)   10−4 rads
E)   0.1 radsF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 13

In an X-ray diffraction experiment using X-rays of λ = 0.500 × 10−10 m, a first-order maximum occurred at 5.00°. Find the crystal plane spacing.

Accepted Answer

A)   2.87 × 10−10 m
B)   1.36 × 10−10 m
C)   6.24 × 10−9 m
D)   1.93 × 10−9 m
E)   5.74 × 10−9 mF) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 14

A radar installation operates at 9000 MHz with an antenna (dish)  that is 15 meters across. Determine the maximum distance (in kilometers)  for which this system can distinguish two aircraft 100 meters apart.

Accepted Answer

A)   7.4 km
B)   370 km
C)   3700 m
D)   37 km
E)   740 kmF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

A helium-neon laser (λ = 632.8 nm)  is used to calibrate a diffraction grating. If the first-order maximum occurs at 20.5°, what is the line spacing, d?

Accepted Answer

A)   1.81 × 10−6 m
B)   1.00 × 10−5 m
C)   1.00 × 10−4 m
D)   1.31 × 10−6 m
E)   6.76 × 10−7 mF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 16

How far above the horizon is the moon when its image, reflected in a calm lake, is completely polarized? (nwater = 1.33.)

Accepted Answer

A)   22.2°
B)   7.7°
C)   16.6°
D)   36.9°
E)   53.1°F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 17

What, approximately, are the dimensions of the smallest object on Earth that the astronauts can resolve by eye at 200 km height from the space shuttle? Assume λ = 500 nm light and a pupil diameter D = 0.50 cm. Assume eye fluid has an average n = 1.33.

Accepted Answer

A)   150 m
B)   100 m
C)   250 m
D)   25 m
E)   18 mF) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 18

Each pattern shown below would appear on a screen when monochromatic light first passes through a narrow slit of width a and then strikes a screen. The darkest areas on the page represent the brightest areas on the screen. In which case is the slit illuminated with light of the shortest wavelength?

Accepted Answer

A)  
B)  
C)  
D)  
E)  F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 19

Plane waves of ultrasound, f = 51.0 kHz, impinge on a flat plane with a 1.00 cm-wide slit. What is the total angular width (2θ)  of diffracted sound waves when the speed of sound in air is 340 m/sec.

Accepted Answer

A)   167°
B)   83.6°
C)   19.5°
D)   41.8°
E)   0.11°F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 20

Light strikes a flat water surface (n = 1.333) at the Brewster angle. Calculate the angle between the reflected and the refracted ray.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Light strikes a flat water surface (n...

Exam 38: Diffraction Patterns and Polarization

Jane's flashy boy friend has just given her a ring with a huge "diamond". Jane, who has studied physics, measures the polarizing angle for the stone and finds that the polarizing angle is 62.97°. The stone is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The pupil of a cat's eye narrows to a slit width of 0.5 mm in daylight. What is the angular resolution of the cat's eye in daylight (λ = 500 nm) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an X-ray diffraction experiment using X-rays of λ = 0.500 × 10−10 m, a first-order maximum occurred at 5.00°. Find the crystal plane spacing.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A beam of X-rays of different frequencies is reflected at 10 degrees off a crystal of interatomic spacing 0.2 nm. Which X-ray wavelength is preferentially reflected?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What, approximately, are the dimensions of the smallest object on Earth that the astronauts can resolve by eye at 200 km height from the space shuttle? Assume λ = 500 nm light and a pupil diameter D = 0.50 cm. Assume eye fluid has an average n = 1.33.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At what distance could one theoretically distinguish two automobile headlights separated by 1.5 meters? Assume a pupil diameter of 0.50 cm and yellow headlights seen at the wavelength 5.0 × 10−7 m. Assume eye fluid has an average n = 1.33.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scattered light in the atmosphere is often partially polarized. The best way to determine whether or not light from a particular direction in the sky shows polarization is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each pattern shown below would appear on a screen when monochromatic light first passes through a narrow slit of width a and then strikes a screen. The darkest areas on the page represent the brightest areas on the screen. In which case is the slit illuminated with light of the shortest wavelength?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Light strikes a flat water surface (n = 1.333) at the Brewster angle. Calculate the angle between the reflected and the refracted ray.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

White light is spread out into spectral hues by a diffraction grating. If the grating has 1000 lines per cm, at what angle will red light (λ = 640 nm) appear in first order?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A radar installation operates at 9000 MHz with an antenna (dish) that is 15 meters across. Determine the maximum distance (in kilometers) for which this system can distinguish two aircraft 100 meters apart.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When you look at a single slit diffraction pattern produced on a screen by light of a single wavelength, you see a bright central maximum and a number of maxima on either side, their intensity decreasing with distance from the central maximum. If the width of the slit is increased,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Potassium Iodide (chemical formula: KI) has a face-centered cubic structure (just like sodium chloride) . If the distance between crystal planes is d = 0.353 nm and X-rays of wavelength λ = 0.0934 nm are used, what is the smallest angle θ at which a diffraction maximum may be obtained?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The polarizing angle in air for diamond is 67.4°. Calculate the critical angle inside the diamond for total internal reflection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A slit of variable width illuminated by light of wavelength λ is widened until the first order diffraction minimum moves out to a distance infinitely far away from the brightest location in the central maximum. In terms of the wavelength, the width of the slit is then

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A helium-neon laser (λ = 632.8 nm) is used to calibrate a diffraction grating. If the first-order maximum occurs at 20.5°, what is the line spacing, d?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You could determine the index of refraction for visible light of a dark but reflective medium such as black glass by measuring the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plane waves of ultrasound, f = 51.0 kHz, impinge on a flat plane with a 1.00 cm-wide slit. What is the total angular width (2θ) of diffracted sound waves when the speed of sound in air is 340 m/sec.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How far above the horizon is the moon when its image, reflected in a calm lake, is completely polarized? (nwater = 1.33.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Light from a helium-neon laser (λ = 632.8 nm) is incident upon a 0.200-mm wide slit. Find the total width of the central maximum 2.00 m from the slit.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In an X-ray diffraction experiment using X-rays of λ = 0.500 × 10−¹⁰ m, a first-order maximum occurred at 5.00°. Find the crystal plane spacing.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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At what distance could one theoretically distinguish two automobile headlights separated by 1.5 meters? Assume a pupil diameter of 0.50 cm and yellow headlights seen at the wavelength 5.0 × 10−⁷ m. Assume eye fluid has an average n = 1.33.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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How far above the horizon is the moon when its image, reflected in a calm lake, is completely polarized? (n_water = 1.33.)

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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